Which statement about substitute assets is true?

• A. The substitute assets must be proven to be commingled with proceeds
• B. Substitution is never allowed
• C. Substituting assets requires administrative approval
• D. Substitute assets may be forfeited when the value of the forfeited property is insufficient to satisfy the judgment

Answer: (D)

Substitute assets are assets that can be forfeited in place of the property initially seized when its value isn’t enough to satisfy the full judgment. The idea is to ensure the government can collect the total amount due by applying other assets of equivalent value, so the overall forfeiture covers the remaining balance. This mechanism is allowed by many forfeiture statutes and is driven by the goal of full recovery, not by proving that the substitute assets were commingled with proceeds. The specific steps or requirement for court or statutory authorization can vary, but the core concept is that substitute assets may be forfeited when the value of the forfeited property is insufficient to satisfy the judgment.