Which of the following is a requirement for a forfeiture proceeding to commence?

• A. Conviction of the property owner
• B. Approval by the governor
• C. Filing a criminal charge
• D. Notice filed with the district court

Answer: (D)

The key step is initiating the civil action in the proper court. Forfeiture proceedings begin when the government files a notice or complaint for forfeiture with the district court and serves it on all interested parties. This filing creates the court’s jurisdiction over the case and triggers the due-process steps—notice, opportunity to contest, and a hearing. A conviction of the owner, approval by the governor, or a separate criminal charge is not required to commence a civil forfeiture action, though criminal charges can occur alongside related investigations.