What does constructive possession mean in asset forfeiture?

• A. Actual physical possession
• B. Legal title held by another
• C. Control or dominion over property by a person or entity without physical custody
• D. Not possessing anything

Answer: (C)

Constructive possession means having the power to control or influence property even when you don’t physically hold it. In asset forfeiture, a person can be considered to possess property constructively if they have the ability to manage, direct, or use the property, or exert dominion over it, without actually possessing it in their hands. For example, someone who owns or controls a vehicle or premises where illicit items are located can be deemed in constructive possession because they can grant access, employ others to handle it, or otherwise exercise control over it. This is different from actual possession, which requires real physical custody. Merely holding legal title to property that someone else controls does not necessarily establish constructive possession unless control or dominion over the property is still present.